Pakistan: Greenhouse-Gas Emissions

Why this matters

In 2023, Pakistan emitted 534 MtCO₂e of greenhouse gases (EU EDGAR v8.0, excluding land use). Agriculture was the single largest source at 51% of the national total, and methane the dominant gas at 49%. Per-capita emissions of 2.27 tCO₂e per person normalise across population size, useful for cross-country comparison but distinct from a country's absolute climate footprint. Within South Asia (3 tracked economies), it ranks #2 for per-capita emissions. Among lower middle income economies (11 tracked), it ranks #8 per person. Source: EU EDGAR v8.0 (2024); per-capita and cohort ranks derived from EDGAR totals and World Bank region/income-group classifications.

Absolute totals like Pakistan's show where the largest cuts to the global atmospheric budget are physically possible; per-capita figures are the fairer basis for comparing responsibility across countries of very different population size; emission intensity per unit of GDP (1.44 t per $1K) shows how efficiently the economy converts output into emissions. Pakistan's transition path follows from its sector mix - an economy led by agriculture faces different policy levers than one dominated by agricultural methane or industrial process emissions.