Thailand: Greenhouse-Gas Emissions

Why this matters

In 2023, Thailand emitted 447 MtCO₂e of greenhouse gases (EU EDGAR v8.0, excluding land use). Industry was the single largest source at 29% of the national total, and carbon dioxide the dominant gas at 61%. Per-capita emissions of 6.21 tCO₂e per person normalise across population size, useful for cross-country comparison but distinct from a country's absolute climate footprint. Within East Asia & Pacific (12 tracked economies), it ranks #9 for per-capita emissions. Among upper middle income economies (15 tracked), it ranks #9 per person. Source: EU EDGAR v8.0 (2024); per-capita and cohort ranks derived from EDGAR totals and World Bank region/income-group classifications.

Absolute totals like Thailand's show where the largest cuts to the global atmospheric budget are physically possible; per-capita figures are the fairer basis for comparing responsibility across countries of very different population size; emission intensity per unit of GDP (0.87 t per $1K) shows how efficiently the economy converts output into emissions. Thailand's transition path follows from its sector mix - an economy led by industry faces different policy levers than one dominated by agricultural methane or industrial process emissions.